• Langue : Français
• Discipline : Sciences économiques
• Identifiant : Inconnu
• Type de thèse : Doctorat
• Date de soutenance : 01/01/1998

Résumé en langue originale

AVANT DE LES FAIRE DISPARAITRE DE LEUR CHAMP D'ANALYSE, DANS LA SECONDE MOITIE DU XIXEME SIECLE, LES ECONOMISTES CONSIDERAIENT QUE CERTAINS PHENOMENES PHYSIQUES, TELS QUE LA FERTILITE DE LA TERRE ET LA LOI DE POPULATION, POUVAIENT AGIR SUR LES GRANDEURS ECONOMIQUES. SELON LES AUTEURS ET LES EPOQUES, CETTE ACTION A PRIS DES FORMES DIVERSES QUI EXPRIMENT CHACUNE UNE MANIERE SPECIFIQUE D'ETABLIR UN LIEN ET UNE LIMITE ENTRE PHENOMENES PHYSIQUES ET PHENOMENES ECONOMIQUES. AINSI, FRANCOIS QUESNAY ET THOMAS ROBERT MALTHUS PENSAIENT LE RAPPORT ENTRE CES PHENOMENES EN TERME DE CONFORMITE; ADAM SMITH LE CONCEVAIT EN TERME D'ALLIANCE; DAVID RICARDO, EN TERME D'OPPOSITION. CES DIFFERENTES DEFINITIONS TEMOIGNENT DE LA VARIETE DES CONCEPTIONS DU MONDE PHYSIQUE PROPOSEES PAR LES ECONOMISTES. ELLES ACCOMPAGNENT, TOUR A TOUR, DIFFERENTES REPRESENTATIONS ECONOMIQUES DE LA SOCIETE. ELLES FONT APPARAITRE QUE POUR EVINCER TOUTE REFERENCE AU MONDE PHYSIQUE EN ECONOMIE, IL NE SUFFISAIT PAS DE DEFAIRE SA REPRESENTATION DE LA DIMENSION METAPHYSIQUE QUE LUI DONNAIT QUESNAY, DE LUI OTER LA GENEROSITE QUE LUI ATTRIBUAIT ENCORE SMITH OU DE LUI DONNER LA FIGURE DE L'AVARICE DONT L'ACCABLAIT RICARDO. ELLES MONTRENT QU'IL CONVENAIT SURTOUT, A L'INSTAR DE LEON WALRAS, DE LA DEFAIRE DE TOUT CARACTERE PHYSIQUE. IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIXTH CENTURY, PHYSICAL PHENOMENA, AS LAND'S FERTILITY AND POPULATION'S LAW, DISAPEAR. BEFORE, ECONOMISTS CONSIDERED THAT THEY COULD AFFECT ECONOMIC DATA. ACCORDING TO AUTHORS AND AGES, THIS EFFECT TOOK DIFFERENT FORMS. EACH OF THEM GIVES A SPECIFIC DEFINITION OF THE LINK AND THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN PHYSICAL PHENOMENA AND ECONOMIC PHENOMENA. THUS, FRANCOIS QUESNAY AND THOMAS ROBERT MALTHUS CHARATERIZE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THESE PHENOMENA IN TERM OF CONFORMITY; ADAM SMITH, IN TERM OF ALLIANCE; DAVID RICARDO, IN TERM OF OPPOSITION. THESE DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS GIVE EVIDENCE OF THE VARIETY OF PHYSICAL WORLD'S REPRESENTATIONS THAT ECONOMISTS PROPOSED. EACH OF THEM GOES WITH A PARTICULAR ECONOMIC REPRESENTATION OF SOCIETY. THEY SHOW THAT IN ORDER TO EVICT ANY REFERENCE TO PHYSICAL WORLD IN ECONOMICS, ONE HAD NOT ONLY TO REMOVE ITS REPRESENTATION OF ITS METAPHYSICAL DIMENSION THAT QUESNAY GAVE TO IT AND OF ITS GENEROSITY THAT SMITH STILL ATTRIBUTED TO IT, NOR TO QUALIFIED IT OF AVARICE AS RICARDO PROPOSED IT. THEY SHOW THAT ONE HAD TO TAKE ANY PHYSICAL OUT OF IT.