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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Les frontières du salariat</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">The boundaries of salaried employment</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Subordination</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Droit commun du travail</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Autonomie des salariés</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nudge</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Qualification du contrat de travail</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Subordination</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">General law of professional activity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Autonomy of salaried employees</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Ouvrier à l’usine, candidat à l’Emission Koh Lanta, livreur de la plateforme numérique de travail TakeEatEasy, mannequin ou encore cadre en télétravail … sont autant de salariés, rassemblés sous l’empire du Code du travail, qui ne se ressemblent pas. Le salariat d’hier n’est sans doute plus celui d’aujourd’hui. Il s’accorde désormais avec les technologies de l’information et de la communication qui contribuent à une certaine autonomie des salariés mais aussi à la création de nouvelles formes d’emploi. Il ne faut pourtant pas en conclure à l’obsolescence de la subordination. Ce critère du contrat de travail mérite certes d’être modifié – pour prendre en compte un pouvoir de direction de l’employeur qui s’invisibilise de plus en plus – mais il a tout de même su faire preuve d’une adaptabilité garantissant sa pérennité. Cette étude propose donc de sécuriser les frontières du salariat par l’étude et l’amendement de son critère de subordination afin de le réconcilier pleinement avec la notion d’autonomie. Ce faisant, il convient de déterminer qui est salarié et qui doit et ne doit pas l’être. Des stratégies sont mises en place pour éviter le salariat, il faut alors permettre au critère de subordination d’être sollicité de façon efficiente pour assurer une exacte requalification. Lorsque des stratégies sont, au contraire, mises en place pour détourner le salariat, cela amène à penser la nécessité d’un socle minimum des droits des travailleurs, s’ajoutant aux statuts existants, sous la forme d’un code général de l’activité professionnelle.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">A factory worker, a contestant on the television programme Koh Lanta, a delivery driver for the digital labour platform TakeEatEasy, a model, or a remote-working executive — all are employees, gathered within the scope of the Labour Code, yet they bear little resemblance to one another. The salaried employment of yesterday is, without doubt, no longer that of today. It now evolves in conjunction with information and communication technologies, which foster a degree of autonomy among employees while also giving rise to new forms of work. Nevertheless, this evolution should not be taken as signalling the obsolescence of subordination. While this defining criterion of the employment contract certainly merits re-examination — so as to take account of an employer’s managerial authority that increasingly operates in less visible ways — it has nonetheless demonstrated an adaptability ensuring its continued relevance. This study thus seeks to consolidate the boundaries of salaried employment through an analysis and amendment of its subordination criterion, with the aim of fully reconciling it with the notion of autonomy. In doing so, it becomes necessary to determine who qualifies as an employee, and who should — or should not — be regarded as such. As strategies are increasingly devised to circumvent salaried status, the criterion of subordination must be applied effectively to ensure proper reclassification. Conversely, when strategies are used to distort or exploit salaried employment, this calls for the establishment of a minimum foundation of workers’ rights, supplementing existing legal statuses, in the form of a General Code of Professional Activity.</dcterms:abstract>
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