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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">La protection des droits fondamentaux du contractant : étude comparative entre le droit français et le droit vietnamien</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Droits fondamentaux</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Effet horizontal</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Renonciation aux droits fondamentaux</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Obligation positive</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Fundamental rights</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Vertical effect</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les droits fondamentaux, traditionnellement analysés dans une relation verticale entre l’État et l’individu, semblent, a priori, étrangers au domaine contractuel, où la liberté contractuelle permet aux parties de définir librement les termes de leurs accords. Cependant, l’évolution historique a conduit à l’intégration progressive de ces droits dans la matière contractuelle. Ainsi, les atteintes aux droits fondamentaux peuvent provenir de l’État, lorsqu’il légifère de manière à porter atteinte à ces droits, et des parties contractantes, dont la liberté contractuelle peut engendrer des clauses contraires à ces droits. En France, le contrôle de constitutionnalité et de conventionnalité permet de vérifier que les lois respectent les droits fondamentaux, tant au niveau national qu’international. En revanche, au Vietnam, l’absence de contrôle a posteriori complique la protection des droits en matière contractuelle. Par ailleurs, en France, l’application de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme permet une protection horizontale de ces droits, ce qui n’est pas possible au Vietnam en raison de l’absence d’application directe des conventions internationales. La comparaison des droits français et vietnamien suggère que l’expérience française pourrait inspirer une réforme du système juridique vietnamien.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Fundamental rights, traditionally understood within a vertical relationship between the State and the individual, would appear, a priori, to be alien to the contractual sphere, where freedom of contract allows parties to freely define the terms of their agreements. However, historical developments have gradually led to the integration of these rights into contractual matters. Thus, infringements of fundamental rights can come from the State, when enacting legislation that infringe these rights, and from the contractors, whose freedom of contract can give rise to clauses contrary to these rights. In France, constitutionality and conventionality review mechanisms ensure that laws respect fundamental rights, both at nationally and internationally levels. In Vietnam, on the other hand, the absence of a posteriori review complicates the protection of contractual rights. Moreover, in France, the application of the European Convention on Human Rights enables horizontal protection of these rights, which is not possible in Vietnam due to the lack of direct application of international conventions. A comparison between French and Vietnamese law suggests that the French experience could inspire for reforming the Vietnamese legal system.</dcterms:abstract>
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