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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Entre accaparement et contamination : l'appropriation industrielle de l'hydrographie à Roubaix Début du XIXe siècle - Milieu du XXe siècle</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Between monopolization and contamination : the industrial appropriation of hydrography in Roubaix early 19th century - mid 20th century</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Histoire environnementale</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Appropriation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hydrographie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Pollution industrielle</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Industrie textile</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Bourgeoisie industrielle</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Environmental history</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Appropriation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hydrography</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Industrial pollution</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Textile industry</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Industrial bourgeoisie</dc:subject>
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<tef:subdivision autoriteExterne="027494020" autoriteSource="Sudoc" type="subdivisionGeographique">Roubaix (Nord)</tef:subdivision>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse montre que le succès de l'industrie textile de l'agglomération de Roubaix du début du xix e siècle à l'entre-deux-guerres a été tributaire de l'appropriation de l'hydrographie - l'ensemble des nappes et cours d'eau de surface et souterrains, naturels ou artificiels - d'une région entière. Ce travail revisite le concept marxiste d'appropriation pour saisir dans un même cadre analytique les dynamiques d'accaparement des eaux et la contamination des cours d'eau. Par conséquent, cette thèse s'intéresse aussi bien aux pollutions et inondations imposées par les rejets de l'industrie roubaisienne dans la vallée en aval de l'agglomération, qu'au développement d'un vaste réseau d'infrastructures qui permet l'accaparement des eaux pour leur incorporation dans les procès de production et pour le transport des marchandises. Elle aborde cette appropriation comme un processus impulsé et entretenu par la bourgeoisie industrielle pour minimiser les coûts de la production. Méthodologiquement, ce travail s'intéresse aux conflits que soulève le processus d'appropriation de l'hydrographie. C'est-à-dire aux moments pendant lesquels soit l'hydrographie existante n'est plus en mesure de soutenir l'extension de l'activité, soit les contaminations ou l'accaparement soulèvent des contestations de ceux qui se retrouvent privés d'eaux, inondés ou contaminés par les rejets des usines. Par l'étude de ces conflits, la thèse détaille les modalités qui permettent à la bourgeoisie industrielle, dans un contexte politique donné, de garantir la continuité et l'extension de l'appropriation de l'hydrographie malgré les résistances rencontrées. Parmi ces modalités cette thèse met en particulier en lumière : la coordination de la bourgeoisie industrielle à propos des questions hydrographiques, son investissement dans les institutions politiques, sa construction d'un répertoire argumentatif justifiant les mutations hydrographiques imposées, ses promesses dilatoires face aux contestations, ou encore son soutien ou son opposition à des solutions techniques visant à atténuer les dommages causés par l'appropriation.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This dissertation argues that the success of the textile industry in the Roubaix conurbation from the beginning of the 19th century to the inter-war period depended on the appropriation of the hydrography -- the water tables, surface and underground watercourses -- of an entire region. This work revisits the Marxist concept of appropriation in order to capture within the same analytical framework the dynamics of water monopolization and river contamination. As a result, this dissertation looks simultaneously at two interrelated phenomena: it investigates both the pollution and flooding caused by the discharges of Roubaix's industry in the valley downstream of the conurbation, as well as the development of a network of infrastructures that enables water to be captured for incorporation into production processes and for the transport of goods through waterways. Appropriation is seen as a process driven and maintained by the industrial bourgeoisie to minimise the costs of production. Methodologically, this work focuses on the crises that arise in the process of appropriating hydrography. In other words, it concentrates on times when either the existing hydrography was no longer able to support the expansion of activity, or when contamination or monopolization led to protests from those who found themselves deprived of water, flooded or contaminated by factory discharges. Studying these crises allows this thesis to account for the methods that allowed the industrial bourgeoisie, in a given political context, to guarantee the continuity and extension of the appropriation of hydrography despite the resistances encountered. Among the methods used by the bourgeoisie, this dissertation highlights in particular the following ones: the coordination of the industrial bourgeoisie on hydrographic issues, its investment in political institutions, its construction of an argumentation justifying the hydrographic changes imposed, its use of dilatory promises in the face of contestations, and its support for or opposition to technical solutions aimed at mitigating the damage caused by appropriation.</dcterms:abstract>
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