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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Le Témoin critique : considérations sur l’actualité du film et de l’histoire, d’après Walter Benjamin</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">The Critical witness : Considerations about the topicality of film and history, according to Walter Benjamin</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Actualité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Film</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Histoire</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Théorie Critique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Témoin</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Walter Benjamin</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Topicality</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Film</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">History</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Critical Theory</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Witness</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Walter Benjamin</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Ce travail propose de considérer certains cinéastes comme des « témoins critiques ». Il s’agira de définir la désignation « témoin critique » à partir des réflexions de Walter Benjamin sur le cinéma et l’histoire. Le philosophe a mis en évidence la nécessaire politisation de ces deux domaines. Mais cette politisation semble doublement orientée. D’un côté, Benjamin promeut une historiographie critique consistant à actualiser le passé. Ce qu’il nomme « image dialectique » est le produit de la rencontre entre un « Autrefois » et un « Maintenant ». Ce travail de montage vise à provoquer un choc conduisant à la transformation du présent. D’un autre côté, la « politisation de l’art » semble moins concernée par cette idée d’articulation des temps de l’histoire. Benjamin considère moins la fonction historienne du film que son rôle historique d’agent de la révolution. Par les moyens du film, le cinéaste ausculte le réel, le révèle sous un jour nouveau et peut participer à l’éveil des consciences. Le témoin critique, qui désigne dans la perspective de cette étude le ou la cinéaste dont la démarche recoupe les impératifs benjaminiens, se situe au croisement de ces deux formes de politisation. Dans cette optique, l’analyse portera sur quelques œuvres de Peter Watkins, Agnès Varda, Chris Marker, Chantal Akerman et Claire Angelini. En recueillant par les moyens du film la parole des témoins, ces essayistes articulent les temporalités pour mieux viser leur actualité, signalant la permanence de la barbarie.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This work is focused on some filmmakers considered as “Critical Witnesses”. I will define the designation “Critical Witness” from Walter Benjamin’s writings about history and cinema. The philosopher has highlighted the necessity to politicize these two domains. But two approaches seem to characterize the idea of politicizing both history and art. On the one hand, Benjamin defends a critical historiography which actualizes the past: what he names the “dialectical image” represents the encounter of “what-has-been” and “now”. Such a practice can be assimilated with the operation of montage, which in Benjamin’s thoughts is meant to provoke a shock in order to change the present time. On the other hand, the politicizing of art is quite different. To a large extent, Benjamin considers cinema’s ability to serve revolution in another way: using the means of film, the filmmaker should investigate and reveal new aspects of reality: his or her goal is to raise awareness. The Critical Witness refers to the filmmaker whose approach corresponds to Benjaminian imperatives, at the junction of these two approaches of politicization. From this perspective, the analysis will focus on a few works from Peter Watkins, Agnès Varda, Chris Marker, Chantal Akerman and Claire Angelini. Using the means of film, these essayists collect testimonies, connect past to present, bringing barbarism and its continuity to the spectator’s consciousness.</dcterms:abstract>
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