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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Caractérisation d’une galactosidase impliquée dans le catabolisme de la paroi des mycobactéries</dc:title>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La tuberculose est une maladie infectieuse transmissible et non immunisante, elle est la cause principale de décès dû à un agent infectieux unique, devant le VIH / sida. La bactérie Mycobacterium tuberculosis a été identifiée comme l’agent causal de cette pathologie. M. tuberculosis est une bactérie à Gram-positive qui se distingue par la composition de son enveloppe présentant une très faible perméabilité. À la base de l’architecture de la paroi, le métabolisme du mycolyl-Arabinogalactane-Peptidoglycanne (mAGP) est essentiel à la survie de la bactérie et est souvent choisie comme cible thérapeutique. Mais bien que la compréhension de la biosynthèse du mAGP a considérablement progressé ces dernières vingtaines années, le remodelage de ce complexe, c-à-d son adaptation pendant la croissance, la division cellulaire mais aussi pour s’adapter aux changements externes (l’environnement de l’hôte) et détourner les défenses de l’hôte pendant l’infection, reste un sujet encore peu abordé. Véritable pièce centrale du complexe mAGP, l'arabinogalactane (AG) est un polysaccharide essentiel dans la structure de la paroi mycobactérienne. Une notion de remodelage doit s’accompagner d’un catabolisme de ce polysaccharide. Les travaux effectués durant mes trois ans de thèse ont donc visé à montrer l’existence de glycosidases capable de dégrader l'arabinogalactane mycobactérien. Ce manuscrit présente l’identification de la protéine GlfH1, qui présente une activité exo-?-D-galactofuranohydrolase et est capable d'hydrolyser la chaîne galactane de l’arabinogalactane en hydrolysant alternativement ses liaisons ?1,5 et ?1,6. La caractérisation de cette galactosidase représente la première étape vers la démonstration d’un remodelage de l’arabinogalactane mycobactérien.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Tuberculosis is a transmissible and non-immunizing infectious disease and is the leading cause of death by a single infectious agent, before HIV / AIDS. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been identified as the causative agent of tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis is a Gram-positive bacterium but it is distinguished by the composition of its envelope having a very low permeability. At the basis of wall architecture, the synthesis of mycolyl-Arabinogalactan-Peptidoglycan (mAGP) is essential for the survival of the bacterium and is often chosen as a target for anti-tuberculosis drugs. Despite the impressive progress made over the past 20 years in understanding mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan (mAGP) biosynthesis, the mechanisms by which the tubercle bacillus adapts its cell wall structure/composition in response to various environmental conditions, especially during infection, remain poorly understood. Being the central portion of the mAGP complex, arabinogalactan (AG), an essential polysaccharide in the structure of the mycobacterial wall, is believed to be the constituent of the cell envelope that undergoes the least changes in its structure, but no report supports this assumption. A notion of remodeling must be accompanied by a catabolism of this polysaccharide. The works carried out during my three years of Ph.D studies thus aimed to show the existence of glycosidases which are capable to degrade the mycobacterial arabinogalactan. This manuscript presents the identification of the protein GlfH1, which exhibits an exo-?-D-galactofuranohydrolase activity and is capable of hydrolyzing the galactan chain of AG by recurrent cleavage of the terminal ?1,5 and ?1,6Galf linkages. The characterization of this galactosidase represents the first step towards understanding the remodeling of mycobacterial AG.</dcterms:abstract>
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