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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Rôle des acides biliaires dans la physiopathologie de l'obésité, la résistance à l'insuline, le diabète de type 2, la stéatose hépatique non alcoolique et dans le contexte de la chirurgie bariatrique</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Role of bile acids on the pathophysiology of obesity, insulin-resistance, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and in the context of bariatric surgery</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Acides biliaires</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">FXR</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">TGR5</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Obesité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Diabète de type 2</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">NAFLD</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Chirurgie bariatrique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Bile acids</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">FXR</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">TGR5</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Obesity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Type 2 diabetes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">NAFLD</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Bariatric surgery</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027936953" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Acides biliaires</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027243834" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Obésité</tef:elementdEntree>
<tef:subdivision autoriteExterne="029374375" autoriteSource="Sudoc" type="subdivisionDeSujet">Physiopathologie</tef:subdivision>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="171573994" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Diabète non-insulinodépendant</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="249093529" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Maladie du foie gras non-alcoolique (NAFLD)</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="137549725" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Obésité -- Chirurgie</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="040670554" autoriteSource="Sudoc.FMesh">Acides et sels biliaires</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="040749819" autoriteSource="Sudoc.FMesh">Obésité</tef:elementdEntree>
<tef:subdivision autoriteExterne="038961636" autoriteSource="Sudoc.FMesh" type="subdivisionDeSujet">physiopathologie</tef:subdivision>
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<tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="040692779" autoriteSource="Sudoc.FMesh">Diabète de type 2</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="184185602" autoriteSource="Sudoc.FMesh">Stéatose hépatique non alcoolique</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="114599157" autoriteSource="Sudoc.FMesh">Chirurgie bariatrique</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">En plus de leur rôle dans la solubilisation des lipides alimentaires, les acides biliaires sont des molécules de signalisation régulant leur propre métabolisme, l'homéostasie du glucose et des lipides, la dépense énergétique, la fonction cardiovasculaire et l’inflammation, en modulant le Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) et le Takeda G protein coupled Receptor 5 (TGR5). En effet, des modifications dans les concentrations des acides biliaires sont associées aux maladies métaboliques et ce sont des candidats pour participer à la pathophysiologie de ces maladies ou prédire leur progression.Dans la première partie de cette thèse nous avons étudié les modifications des acides biliaires dans le contexte de l'obésité, l'insulinorésistance, le diabète de type 2 et la stéatohépatite non alcoolique. Nous avons montré que les acides biliaires sont corrélés avec l’homéostasie du glucose chez l’Homme, mais qu’ils ne sont pas des prédicteurs de la bascule du prédiabète en diabète de type 2 dans un étude de cohorte.La deuxième partie de cette thèse est dédiée à l’étude des acides biliaires dans la chirurgie bariatrique. Nos résultats ont montré que la chirurgie bariatrique réduit la recapture hépatique des acides biliaires, provoquant leur augmentation dans la circulation systémique, et que ce n’est pas l’anse biliaire mais l’anse commune qui est responsable des modifications métaboliques après la chirurgie bariatrique chez le minipig. Ensuite, nous avons montré chez l’Homme que les acides biliaires liés aux lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL) augmentent après la chirurgie bariatrique, et que cette augmentation est corrélée avec la restauration de leurs fonctions vaso-protectrices.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">In addition to their role in the solubilization of dietary lipids, bile acids are signaling molecules regulating their own metabolism, glucose and lipid homeostasis, energy expenditure, cardiovascular function and inflammation via the activation of the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) and the Takeda G protein coupled Receptor 5 (TGR5). Indeed, changes in bile acid concentrations are associated with metabolic diseases and therefore they are candidates to participate in the pathophysiology of these diseases or predict their progression.In the first part of this thesis, we studied bile acid changes in the context of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. We demonstrated that bile acids are correlated with glucose homeostasis in humans, but that they are not predictors for the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes in a longitudinal cohort study.In the second part of this thesis, we studied the bile acids in the context of bariatric surgery. Our results showed that bariatric surgery reduces the hepatic recapture of certain bile acids, causing them to increase in the systemic circulation. Additionally, we showed that it is not the bile limb but the common limb the one responsible for metabolic changes after bariatric surgery in the minipig. Finally, we showed in humans that bile acids linked to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) increase after bariatric surgery, and that this increase is correlated with the restoration of their vasoprotective functions.</dcterms:abstract>
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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Bile Acid Control of Metabolism and Inflammation in Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease</dc:title>
<dc:creator>Oscar Chávez-Talavera</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anne Tailleux</dc:creator>
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