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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Caractérisation de la O-GlcNAcylation et des OGTs chez l’apicomplexe Toxoplasma gondii et les modèles végétaux Arabidopsis thaliana et Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Characterization of O-GlcNAcylation and OGTs in the aplicomplexa Toxoplasma gondii and in the plant models Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamudomonas reinhardtii</dcterms:alternative>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La O-GlcNAcylation est une modification post-traductionnelle réversible qui consiste en l'addition de N-acétylglucosamine (GlcNAc) sur des résidus de sérine et de thréonine de protéines cytoplasmiques, nucléaires et mitochondriales. Elle est contrôlée par deux enzymes : la O-GlcNAc transférase (OGT), qui ajoute le résidu de GlcNAc, et la O-GlcNAcase (OGA), qui l'hydrolyse. La O-GlcNAcylation a été décrite chez Toxoplasma gondii, parasite apicomplexe responsable de la toxoplasmose. D'autre part, les plantes expriment deux OGTs potentielles, SPINDLY (SPY) et SECRET AGENT (SEC), interférant avec divers processus biologiques. In fine, peu de choses avaient été décrites concernant la O-GlcNAcylation et l’OGT chez ces organismes: le but de ma thèse a ainsi consisté à approfondir nos connaissances en ce domaine en nous focalisant sur les parasites, T. gondii et P. falciparum, la plante supérieure A. thaliana et l'algue verte unicellulaire Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. En utilisant différentes approches biochimiques et protéomiques nous avons identifié tout un panel de protéines O-GlcNAcylées chez T. gondii et P. falciparum. En ce qui concerne les modèles végétaux, nous avons identifié une OGT potentielle chez C. reinhardtii mais avons été surpris de constater que les niveaux de O-GlcNAcylation chez cet organisme ainsi que chez la plante A. thaliana étaient très faibles. SPY a récemment été reclassée comme une O-Fucosyltransférase, perdant son statut d’OGT. Ces résultats remettent en question l’existence de la O-GlcNAcylation chez les organismes végétaux et questionnent sur l’apparition et la diversification des OGTs au cours de l’évolution des espèces.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification which consists in the addition of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) onto serine and threonine residues of proteins confined within the cytoplasm, the nucleus and the mitochondrion. O-GlcNAcylation is managed by two enzymes: the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) that adds the sugar donor UDP-GlcNAc, and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that hydrolyzes it. Occurrence of O-GlcNAcylation was described in Toxoplasma gondii, an apicomplexan parasite causing toxoplasmosis. In the other hand, plants express two distinct OGT, SPINDLY (SPY) and SECRET AGENT (SEC), capable to interfere with a variety of fundamental processes. In fine, relatively few things have been described regarding O-GlcNAcylation and OGT in these organisms: therefore, the aim of my thesis was to go further into our knowledges in this field by focusing on the parasites T. gondii and P. falciparum, the higher plant model Arabidopsis thaliana and the unicellular algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. By using a panel of biochemical and proteomics approaches we identified a set of O-GlcNAcylated proteins in T. gondii and P. falciparum, outlining for the very first time the O-GlcNAcome of these parasites. Concerning the plant models, we identified a putative OGT in C. reinhardtii but we were surprised to note that O-GlcNAcylation levels in this organism as for the plant A. thaliana were very low. Recently, it was revealed that SPY is in fact an O-Fucosyltransferase, losing its OGT status. The results question again the occurrence of O-GlcNAcylation in plants and about the apparition and the diversification of OGTs along species evolution.</dcterms:abstract>
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<tef:nom>Aquino Gil</tef:nom>
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