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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Objets théoriques : une perspective modale sur leur mode d'existence et sur leur rôle dans l'argumentation</dc:title>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">S’inscrivant dans la philosophie de la connaissance et des sciences, notre étude traite des objets théoriques, selon une perspective modale inédite. Les connaissances théoriques ont pour finalité de porter sur des vérités factuelles,et traditionnellement, on considère par conséquent que ces connaissances peuvent être formulées dans un cadre extensionnel : en termes d’adéquation ou tout au moins de relations avec des objets de notre monde actuel. Mais nous appuyant sur les avancées récentes de la philosophie de la logique modale,nous soutenons que l’entreprise scientifique conçoit des modèles théoriques qui portent sur tout un ensemble de situations, car ils postulent des objets qui sont à considérer dans une perspective modale : les objets théoriques sont intrinsèquement modaux, existant ou pouvant être reconnus dans une pluralité de situations actuelles ou possibles. Cet aspect modal des modèles scientifiques nécessite donc d’examiner l’identification des objets théoriques à travers diverses circonstances alternatives éventuelles. En effet, la question de l’application d’un modèle scientifique, liée au débat fondamental entre réalisme et instrumentalisme, prend selon nous racine dans le problème modal de la reconnaissance d’un objet théorique idéal en un objet actuel ou possible. La notion de modalité nous sera donc utile dans l’analyse fondamentale de l’argumentation scientifique.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">In the field of the philosophy of knowledge and science, my study deals with theoretical objects in a new modal perspective. Theoretical knowledge is intended to cover factual truths and therefore one traditionally considers that this knowledge can be formulated in an extensional framework: in terms of adequacy, or, at least, of relationships with objects of our actual world. But basing my work on recent advances in the philosophy of modal logic, I will argue that scientific enterprise develops theoretical models about a variety of situations because they postulate objects that have to be considered in a modal perspective: theoretical objects are intrinsically modal, existing or recognizable in a plurality of actual or possible situations. Therefore, this modal aspect of scientific models requires that the identification of theoretical objects across various possible alternative circumstances should be examined. Indeed, the issue of the application of a scientific model, linked to the fundamental debate between realism and instrumentalism, lies with recognizing an ideal theoretical object in an actual or possible object. The concept of modality will also be useful in the fundamental analysis of scientific argumentation.</dcterms:abstract>
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