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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Logical modelling of reasoning and learning : a bio-inspired approach</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Modélisation logique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Logique non-Monotone</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Raisonnement</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Apprentissage</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Sciences cognitives</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Logical modelling</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Non-Monotonic Logic</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Reasoning</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Learning</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cognitive sciences</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Dans ce me?moire, on s’inspire des sciences cognitives pour aborder la question de la mode?lisation logique du raisonnement et de l’apprentissage. Notre principale conviction est qu’il faudrait, pour traiter ce proble?me, prendre mode?le sur la manie?re dont les agents naturels (c’est a? dire les humains et les animaux) proce?dent lorsqu’ils raisonnent ou apprennent. Conside?rant que le raisonnement fait appel a? un grand nombre de faculte?s cognitives distinctes, et qu’il ne serait donc pas raisonnable d’espe?rer mode?liser d’un seul coup l’ensemble du raisonnement humain, on se concentre ici sur un type d’infe?rences tre?s simples dont on soutient qu’elles constituent le coeur du raisonnement chez tous les animaux a? cerveau. On identifie un processus sous-jacent plausible pour ces infe?rences, d’abord au niveau mental de description, puis au niveau neuronal, et on de?veloppe une famille de mode?les logiques permettant de le simuler. On s’attache ensuite a? produire un ensemble de re?gles d’infe?rence caracte?risant les relations d’infe?rence induites par ces mode?les. Ces re?gles re?sultent du processus sugge?re?, et doivent donc e?tre vues comme des re?gles qui, d’apre?s le mode?le, e?mergent fonctionnement des cerveaux. Enfin, on analyse les processus d’apprentissage attache?s aux infe?rences conside?re?es, et on montre comment le formalisme propose? permet de les mode?liser. Pour conclure on e?voque brie?vement les possibles de?veloppements futurs du mode?le, et notamment on donne quelques indications quant a? la manie?re dont la mode?lisation d’un certain nombre de faculte?s additionnelles pourrait e?tre envisage?e.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">In this dissertation, we take inspiration in cognitive sciences to address the issue of the logical modelling of reasoning and learning. Our main thrust is that to address these issues one should take inspiration in the way natural agents (i.e., humans and animals) actually proceed when they draw inferences and learn. Considering that reasoning incorporates a wide range of cognitive abilities, and that it would thus be unreasonable to hope to model the whole of human’s reasoning all at once, we focus here on a very basic kind of inferences that, we argue, can be considered as the primary core of reasoning in all brained animals. We identify a plausible underlying process for these inferences, first at the mental level of description and then at the neural level, and we develop a family of logical models that allow to simulate it. Then we tackle the issue of providing sets of rules to characterise the inference relations induced by these models. These rules are a by-product of the posited process, and should thus be seen as rules that, according to the model, result from the very functioning of brains. Finally we examine the learning processes attached to the considered inferences, and we show how to they can be modelled within our framework. To conclude we briefly discuss possible further developments of the framework, and in particular we give indications about how the modelling of some other cognitive abilities might be envisioned.</dcterms:abstract>
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