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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Attention and associative learning : from neural correlates to psychophysics</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Attention et apprentissage associatif : neurodynamique et psychophysique</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Apprentissage associatif</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Attention sélective</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Contingence</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Erp</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Double tâche</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ressources attentionnelles</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Associative learning</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Selective attention</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Contingency</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Erp</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Dual-Task</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Attentional resources</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="130683035" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Apprentissage</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’apprentissage des relations entre événements dans notre environnement nous permetd’anticiper des futures cibles et guide notre comportement. Une partie de cet apprentissage alieu sans intention, i.e. implicitement. Notre capacité limitée de traitement, qui contraste avec larichesse de notre environnement, impose la sélection d’une partie des informations sensorielles.Quels stimuli sont donc sélectionnés quand on apprend des associations ? Dans quelle mesurel’apprentissage sollicite des ressources attentionnelles ? Cette thèse porte sur les interactionsentre l’attention et l’apprentissage associatif.Dans la première partie expérimentale, nous avons étudié si la capture attentionnellependant l’apprentissage associatif est modulée par la prédictibilité de la cible. Nous avonsconçu 2 études EEG dans lesquels nous avons manipulé la valeur de la contingence entre indiceet cible. Nous avons trouvé deux biais attentionnels différents. Dans la première expérience lescibles inattendues ont montré une priorité attentionnelle, tandis que dans la deuxième ce sontles cibles prédictibles qui ont été privilégiées, y compris quand l’apprentissage est implicite.Ceux deux biais attentionnels, qui ont déjà été décrits en référence aux cibles dans des modèlesattentionnels de l’apprentissage, pourraient être au service de buts comportementaux différents.Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons étudié si les ressources attentionnelles disponiblesaffectent la capacité à discriminer des associations entre un indice et une cible. Pour cela nousavons mesuré la sensibilité aux associations sous différentes contraintes attentionnelles, à l’aided’un paradigme de double tâche. Nos données montrent que la discrimination est diminué parune tâche de suppression articulatoire concurrente et abolie par une tâche de charge cognitiveélevée. Bien qu’il ait été suggéré que l’apprentissage associatif puisse être automatique, nosdonnées montrent qu’il sollicite des ressources attentionnelles considérables.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Learning relations between events in our environment allows us to anticipate futureoutcomes and guides our decisions. Part of this learning occurs without intention, implicitly.Given the enormous amount of information available, which contrasts with our limitedprocessing capacity, the selection of certain stimuli becomes crucial. So which stimuli do weselect when we learn associations? How do the available attentional resources modulatelearning? This thesis focuses on the intertwining between associative learning and attention.In the first experimental part, we investigated whether the deployment of attentionduring associative learning is modulated by expectations. In particular, we conducted twoEEG studies in which we manipulated the contingent relation between a cue and an outcome.We found two different attentional biases. In the first experiment, unexpected outcomescaptured attention preferentially whereas predictable outcomes were prioritized in the second,and importantly even when the learning of the associations was implicit. We argue that theseattentional biases, which have already been described in attentional models of associativelearning, likely serve different goals.In the second experimental part, we examined to what extent associative learningrequires attention. With that aim, we measured sensitivity to contingency in three studiesunder different attentional constraints. Our data show that the ability to assess associations isdiminished by an articulatory suppression secondary task and is abolished by a highlydemanding task. While it has been suggested that associative learning might be an automaticprocess, our findings demonstrate that attention is critical to contingency assessment.</dcterms:abstract>
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