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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">La lutte contre le terrorisme vue par les hauts fonctionnaires du Quai d'Orsay : pour une contribution française au concept d'operational code</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">The fight against terrorism through the eyes of senior civil servants of the Quai d’Orsay : for a French contribution to the concept of operational code</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Relations internationales</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Politique étrangère</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Diplomatie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Diplomate</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ambassadeur</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ministère des affaires étrangères</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Quai d'Orsay</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hauts fonctionnaires</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Croyances</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Émotions</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Loyauté</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Code opérationnel</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Opcode</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Sécurité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Terrorisme</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Violence</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Guerre</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">International relations</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Foreign policy</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ministry of foreign affairs</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Quai d'Orsay</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Senior civil servants</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Beliefs</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Loyalty</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Operational code</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Opcode</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Security</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Terrorism</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Violence</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La lutte contre le terrorisme est une préoccupation contemporaine des diplomaties, alors que sa définition internationale demeure introuvable. Dans une approche organisationnelle, les hauts fonctionnaires du ministère français des Affaires étrangères partageraient une vision commune sur la violence terroriste et un « savoir-faire » qui leur permettraient de prendre des décisions efficaces pour la prévenir et la combattre. Or, dans une approche constructiviste, la lutte contre le terrorisme relève de relations intersubjectives comprenant l’activation de systèmes de croyances ou Operational Codes (OPCODES) différents, selon que les diplomates français viennent de l’ENA ou du Concours d’Orient. Ces croyances jouent un rôle dans la façon que les hauts fonctionnaires voient le monde, l’ennemi, mais aussi se perçoivent dans leurs fonctions. Ce sont aussi des croyances préexistantes, forgées à partir des expériences et des engagements personnels, qui font que les décisions en matière d’antiterrorisme ne relèvent pas seulement de considérations sécuritaires, mais aussi de motivations matérielles, émotionnelles, cognitives et morales pour un État comme la France.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The fight against terrorism is a contemporary concern shared in state diplomacy, though no such common definition exists in international affairs. From an organizational approach, senior civil servants of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs are thought to share a global vision on terrorist violence and a savoir-faire that should allow them to make effective decisions in their efforts to prevent and fight against it. However, in a constructivist approach, the war on terrorism draws its inspiration from inter-subjective relations that activate a set of belief systems or different Operational Codes (OPCODES). These beliefs systems, though dependent French diplomats’ background (Ecole Nationale d’Administration (ENA) or the Concours d’Orient), contribute to their decision-making process. Thus, these beliefs play a role in the way decision makers see the world, the enemy, but also as to how they perceive themselves in their duties. These pre-existing beliefs which have been forged through personal experiences and commitments are responsible for shaping a decision-making process that is not solely based on security concerns. They are in fact, also determined by material, emotional, cognitive and moral motivations for a state such as that of France.</dcterms:abstract>
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