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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Le double visage des inventions biotechnologiques, une source potentielle de risques majeurs</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">The double face of biotechnological inventions, a potential source of major risks</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Risques majeurs</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Risques sanitaires</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Risques liés aux conflits</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Biotechnologies</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Risque biologique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Risque épidémiologique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Armes de destruction massives NRBC-E</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Armes de déstructuration massive</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Accident</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Guerre bio(techno)logique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Biosécurité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Biodéfense</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Biotechnologisation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nouvelles menaces</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Terrorisme</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Major risks</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Sanitary crisis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Risks connected to the conflicts</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biotechnologies</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biological risk</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Epidemiological risk</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Weapons of mass destruction (NRBC-E)</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Weapons of massive disintegration</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Accident</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Bio(techno)logical war</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biosafety</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biosecurity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biodefense</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">New threats</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="03389017X" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Évaluation du risque environnemental</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="079459684" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Lutte anti-terroriste</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="061616141" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Bioterrorisme</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="033763682" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Armes biologiques</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="03181252X" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Armes biologiques -- Contrôle</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="034480897" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Armes de destruction massive</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les inventions biotechnologiques ont un double visage, une face bienveillante et une face terrifiante, chacune source potentielle de risques majeurs. Comment les contrôler et les réguler ? La recrudescence des catastrophes majeures (crises sanitaires) liées à l’usage de produits biotechnologiques, d’une part, puis l’échec à l’adoption d’un protocole de vérification à la Convention d’interdiction des armes biologiques suivi de l’émergence de nombreuses publications à risques dans le domaine des biotechnologies, d’autre part, démontrent l’omniprésence et la transversalité de cette problématique. Par leur essence duale, les biotechnologies appellent des solutions globales. La voie d’une gestion cohérente semble s’ouvrir au travers d’un corps de règle prenant tous ces paramètres en considération, les risques majeurs. L’avantage de cette législation, si elle admet une modification préalable de la nomenclature des risques majeurs en y intégrant les risques liés aux conflits, reposera sur sa globalité et sur la responsabilisation de tous. Face à une menace biotechnologique qui est perçue comme dominante dans les années à venir, l’émerge d’un ordre public mondial favorable à un accroissement de la responsabilité des Etats à l’égard de la sécurité humaine serait souhaitable. Le but de toute institution étatique étant de garantir à ses ressortissants leur sécurité et leur sûreté quelles que soient les circonstances, cet ordre public pourrait trouver ses bases au sein des réglementations relatives aux droits de l’homme et au droit de l’environnement ; réglementations déjà émancipées de la distinction entre situations de paix, de crises ou de conflits.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The biotechnological inventions have a double face, a kindly face and a terrifying face, each potential source of major risks. How to control them and to regulate them? The outbreak of the major disasters (sanitary crisis) bound to biotechnological products, on one hand, the failure to the adoption of a Protocol to the Biological Weapon Convention, followed by the emergence of numerous publications at risks in the field of biotechnology, on the other hand, demonstrate the omnipresence and the transverse character of this problem. By their duality, biotechnologies need global solutions. The way of a coherent management seems to open through a body of rule considering all these parameters, the major risks. The advantage of this legislation, if it admits a preliminary modification of the list of the major risks by integrating the risks connected to the conflicts, will be based on its global aspect and everyone’s responsibility. In front of biotechnological threat, which is perceived as dominant in the years to come, an emergent world law and order favourable to an increase of the responsibility of States towards the human safety would be desirable. The purpose of any state institution is the guarantee of Nationals safety, whatever circumstances are, this law and order could find its bases within the regulations relative to human rights and to environmental law; these regulations are already indifferent to the distinction between situations of peace, crisis or conflicts.</dcterms:abstract>
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