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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Conséquences d’une dénutrition maternelle périnatale sur la mise en place de l’axe hypothalamo-adipocytaire chez le rat mâle : focus sur la leptine</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Consequences of a maternal perinatal undernutrition on the development of Brain-Adipose Axis in male rat : focus on leptin</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Neuropeptide Y</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Proopiomélanocortine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Leptine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xsi:type="dcterms:DDC">572.41</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="02765060X" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Comportement alimentaire</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027314502" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Tissu adipeux</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="050354698" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Tissu adipeux brun</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Une malnutrition périnatale sensibilise au développement, à l’âge adulte, du syndrome métabolique. Ce syndrome est associé à une altération de l’équilibre entre prise alimentaire et dépense énergétique. L’axe hypothalamo-adipocytaire, constitué du système nerveux central et du tissu adipeux, joue un rôle majeur dans le contrôle du métabolisme. En effet, ces deux tissus vont, via la leptine, être capables de réguler la prise alimentaire et la dépense énergétique. Peu de travaux ont porté sur les conséquences de stress périnataux sur la mise en place de l’axe hypothalamo-adipocytaire chez le nouveau-né.Nous avons entrepris, en ciblant nos travaux sur la leptine, d’analyser les conséquences d’une dénutrition maternelle périnatale (DMP) de 50% (modèle FR50) sur la mise en place de cet axe chez le raton de la naissance au sevrage.Les animaux témoins présentent un pic de leptine autour de la deuxième semaine de vie qui est fortement réduit chez les ratons FR50. Cette diminution est associée à une altération des connexions hypothalamiques des neurones à POMC. La réduction des taux de leptine chez le nouveau-né est conjointe à une diminution des concentrations de leptine dans le plasma des mères et dans le lait, ce qui montre que la période de lactation et le statut nutritionnel maternel jouent un rôle capital dans les mécanismes de programmation. En périphérie, les animaux FR50 présentent un changement transitoire de phénotype du tissu adipeux périgonadique, avec l’apparition d’un phénotype de type brun. L’ensemble de nos travaux indique que la DMP modifie la mise en place de l’axe hypothalamo-adipocytaire et que la période de lactation constitue une période clé pour la programmation de mécanismes impliqués dans le contrôle du métabolisme énergétique.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Perinatal malnutrition sensitizes to the development of chronic adult diseases such as the metabolic syndrome. These metabolic disorders frequently result from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure.The brain-adipose axis (BAA) that is constituted from central nervous system and adipose tissues plays a crucial role in the regulation of metabolism. These two tissues indeed control both food intake and energy expenditure, via different factors such as leptin. Little is known concerning the consequences of perinatal stress on the development of BAA in newborns,.The major goal of my Ph D was to analyze the consequences of a 50% maternal perinatal undernutrition (FR50 model) on the development of BAA in male rat from birth to weaningControl animals exhibited a plasma surge of leptin around the second week of life while this peak was drasticallyreduced in FR50 pups. This reduction is associated with an alteration of the hypothalamic projections of POMC nerve fibers. The decreased leptin plasma levels in FR50 pups is accompanied by a reduction of leptin concentration both in plasma from mothers as in the milk from undernourished mothers, reinforcing the idea that lactation and nutritional status of the mother during this period are key “programming” factors. Interestingly, in postnatal day (PND) 21 FR50 animals, perigonadal adipose tissue exhibited a transient modification with the acquisition of a brown-like Altogether, our results indicate that maternal perinatal undernutrition modifies the development of the BAA and that lactation is a critical timewindow for the programming of mechanisms involved in the regulation of energy metabolism.</dcterms:abstract>
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